Surrogate based continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement

Abstract Arterial blood pressure is one of the most often measured vital parameters in clinical practice. State-of-the-art noninvasive ABP measurement technologies have noticeable limitations and are mainly based on uncomfortable techniques complete or partial arterial occlusion by cuffs. Most commonplace devices provide only intermittent measurements, continuous systems bulky difficult to apply correctly for nonprofessionals. Continuous cuffless measurements still an unmet need a topic ongoing research, with few commercially available devices. This paper discusses surrogate-based techniques. It covers methods continuously noninvasively inferring BP from surrogate signals without applying external pressures, except reference initialization purposes. The estimated processing signal features, so called surrogates, which modulated variations BP. Discussed include well-known approaches such as pulse transit time arrival techniques, wave analysis combinations thereof. Despite long research history, these not found widespread use ambulatory practice, part due technical lack standardized regulatory framework. work summarizes findings invited workshop experts fields covering expertise, engineering aspects, commercialization standardization issues. goal application driven outlook, starting needs, extending actuality. provides outline recommended directions includes detailed overview case scenarios technologies, opportunities, limitations.